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As more and more people become eligible for a vaccine, there is still confusion on how much protection it gives.
The two approved vaccines are from Pfizer and Moderna and are both mRNA vaccines, a new type of vaccine that teaches the body's cells how to make a spike protein that will create an immune response to fight off the the spike protein from a virus. Both vaccines require two doses to be fully effective.
For Pfizer, the second dose is given three weeks after the first and for Moderna, it comes four weeks later. It's stated "Your first dose trains your immune system to respond to the spike protein. And then the second dose is the booster to make sure that it can mount a really strong immune response, if the virus is introduced to the body."
After one dose, a person has 50% immunity to COVID-19 and the second dose brings it to 95%.